When looking at an article or the abstract of an article, here are some guidelines to use to decide if an article is an empirical article:
- Is the article published in an academic, scholarly, or professional journal? Popular magazines such as Business Week or Newsweek do not publish empirical articles; academic journals such as Business Communication Quarterly or Journal of Psychology may publish empirical articles. Some professional journals such as JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association publish empirical research. Other professional journals such as Coach & Athletic Director publish articles of professional interest, but they do not usually publish research articles. Librarian tip - Limit a search to Scholarly Journals (ProQuest) or Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals (Ebsco)
- Does the abstract of the article mention a study, an observation, an analysis, or a number of participants or subjects? Was data collected, a survey or questionnaire administered, an assessment or measurement used, or an interview conducted? All of these terms indicate possible methodologies used in empirical research.
- How long is the article? An empirical article is usually substantial; it is normally three or more pages long.
Librarian tip #2 - If an article title uses words like review, literature review, or systematic review. Its most likely not an empirical study or article.