Empirical Research

An empirical research article reports research based on actual observation or experiment. The research may use quantitative or qualitative research methods. 

• Quantitative Research uses numerical data to try to establish causal relationships between variables (“Based on 100 interactions, A causes B.”) 

• Qualitative Research objectively and critically analyzes behaviors, beliefs, feelings, or other values (“People suffering from Illness A tend to be more cautious.”)

Source

What type of source is your article published in?

• Popular Magazines (Time, People, Psychology Today, WebMD, etc.): usually NOT empirical

• Journals (Academic, Scholarly, Peer-reviewed, Professional): sometimes YES

Abstract

An abstract is a brief summary or overview of the article. Abstracts for empirical research articles:

• May describe a study, observation, or analysis 

• May mention participants or subjects, data, surveys, questionnaires, assessments, interviews, or other measurements 

Length

Empirical articles (and scholarly articles in general) are usually at least 5 pages (often up to 20 pages long).

Article Sections

Empirical articles may include headings or subheadings for sections such as:

• Introduction

• Literature Review 

• Methodology or Methods

• Results

• Discussion

• Conclusion

• References

Data & Analysis

Empirical research articles often include some sort of (quantitative and/or qualitative) data. This may be included in the article as charts, tables, graphs, or appendices.

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Note: If you are not sure if an article is an empirical research article, share the article citation and abstract with your professor. This can help you to become better at recognizing the differences between empirical research and other types of scholarly articles, and also ensures your article is acceptable for the assignment.